快岁柯狭屏棉狡醒蔚及盒斯耙
对应课程:点击查看
起止时间:2021-09-10到2021-12-31
更新状态:每周周末更新
Lesson 4 Making Predictions
1、 Here is the headline of a news article. Predict what the article might be about.
Question: The news article might be about ____.
A:scientific research
B:a race between whales and sailboat
C:efforts at whale protection
D:dangers of boat racing
答案: efforts at whale protection
2、 Look at the title, subtitle, source, picture and notes of the news article introduced in task 1. Predict again what the article might be about.Scientists aim to keep whales from the being biggest losers in sailboat racesNew guidelines could help prevent often-deadly collisions with boats Washington Post, July 10, 2017
Two humpback whales crest next to a sailboat off the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 2010. Collisions between racing sailboats and whales are often deadly for the animals, so scientists and racing groups are working together to reduce the chance of collisions. (Heidi Hansen/Whale and Dolphin Conservation via AP)Question: The news article might be about ____.
A:a race between whales and sailboat
B:efforts to avoid whale-sailboat collision
C:new rules to guarantee sailors’ security
D:a new sporting activity being created
答案: efforts to avoid whale-sailboat collision
Lesson 2 Skimming
1、 Go through the passage “Body Language”, and answer the question that follows. (Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph.)Body Language What does scientific literature tell us about the idea that body language reflects our real feelings? One experiment carried out about 10 years ago by Ross Buck from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pennsylvania suggests that spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state. Buck and his colleagues tested the accuracy with which people could identify the emotions felt by another person. They presented one set of subjects with color slides involving a variety of emotionally-loaded visual stimuli – such as “scenic” slides (landscapes, etc), “maternal” slides (mothers and young children), disgusting slides (severe facial injuries and burns) and unusual slides (art objects). Unknown to these subjects, they were being televised and viewed by another matched set of subjects, who were asked to decide, on the basis of the televised facial expressions, which of the four sets of slides had just been viewed. This experiment involved both male and female pairs, but no pairs comprising both men and women; that is men observed only men, and women observed women. Buck found that the female pairs correctly identified almost 40 per cent of the slides used – this was above the level which would be predicted by chance alone. (Chance level is 25 per cent here, as there were four classes of slide). But male pairs correctly identified only 28 per cent of slides – not significantly above chance level. In other words, this study suggests that facial expression is not a very good index of “real” feeling – and in the case of men watching and interpreting other men, is almost useless.Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on nonverbal leakage (or how nonverbal behavior may reveal real inner states) which has yielded some more positive and counter-intuitive results. Ekman has suggested that nonverbal behavior may indeed provide a clue to real feelings and has explored in some detail people actively involved in deception, where their verbal language is not a true indication of how they really feel. Ekman here agrees with Sigmund Freud, who was also convinced of the importance of nonverbal behavior in spotting deception when he wrote: “He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”Ekman predicted that the feet and legs would probably hold the best clue to deception because although the face sends out very quick instantaneous messages, people attend to and receive most feedback from the face and therefore try to control it most. In the case of the feet and legs the “transmission time” is much longer but we have little feedback from this part of the body. In other words, we are often unaware of what we are doing with our feet and legs. Ekman suggested that the face is equipped to lie the most (because we are often aware of our facial expression) and to “leak” the most (because it sends out many fast momentary messages) and is therefore going to be a very confusing source of information during deception. The legs and feet would be the primary source of nonverbal leakage and hold the main clue to deception. The form the leakage in the legs and feet would take would include “aggressive foot kicks, flirtatious leg displays, abortive restless flight movements”. Clues to deception could be seen in “tense leg positions, frequent shifts of leg posture, and in restless or repetitive leg and foot movements.”Ekman conducted a series of experiments to test his speculations, some involving psychiatric patients who were engaging in deception, usually to obtain release from hospital. He made films of interviews involving the patients and showed these, without sound, to one of two groups of observers. One group viewed only the face and head, the other group, the body from the neck down. Each observer was given a list of 300 adjectives describing attitudes, emotional state, and so on, and had to say which adjectives best described the patients. The results indicated quite dramatically that individuals who utilized the face tended to be misled by the patients, whereas those who concentrated on the lower body were much more likely to detect the real state of the patients and not be misled by the attempted deception.These studies thus suggest that some body language may indeed reflect our real feelings, even when we are trying to disguise them. Most people can, however, manage to control facial expression quite well and the face often seems to provide little information about real feeling. Paul Ekman has more recently demonstrated that people can be trained to interpret facial expression more accurately but this, not surprisingly, is a slow laborious process. Ekman’s research, suggests that the feet and legs betray a great deal about real feelings and attitudes but the research is nowhere near identifying the meanings of particular foot movements. Ray Birdwhistell of the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute has gone some way towards identifying some of the basic nonverbal elements of the legs and feet, and as a first approximation has identified 58 separate elements. But the meanings of these particular elements are far from clear and neither are the rules for combining the elements into larger meaningful units. Perhaps in years to come we will have a “language” of the feet provided that we can successfully surmount the problems described earlier in identifying the basic forms of movement following Birdwhistell’s pioneering efforts, of how they may combine into larger units, and in teaching people how they might make sense of apparently contradictory movements. In the meantime, if you go to a party and find someone peering intently at your feet – beware. *********Question:What does this passage want to tell the readers?
A:Researchers have developed a thorough knowledge about body language.
B:Spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state.
C:Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.
D:The study of body language is a newly emerged subject.
答案: Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.
Lesson 5 Making Inferences-1
1、 Paragraph 1Valerie opened up the letter from the military department. She felt the pit of her stomach drop to the bottom of the earth before she even opened it. She knew it was news about John. As she read the first line, she thought of all the lunches she had packed him and all the nights she tucked him in his bed and warded off the nighttime monsters. The man carrying the flag put his hand on her shoulder. She thought of the day that John signed up for the military. Her tears wet the letter. She stopped reading after the first line. Question: What might the letter most likely say?
A:John joined the enemy forces.
B:John had been promoted.
C:John was on his way home.
D:John was killed in combat.
答案: John was killed in combat.
2、 Question: What was most likely Valerie’s relationship to John?
A:She was his mail delivery person.
B:She was his sister.
C:She was his mother.
D:She was his wife.
答案: She was his mother.
3、 Paragraph 2Every day after work Paul took his muddy boots off on the steps of the front porch. Alice would have a fit if the boots made it so far as the welcome mat. He then took off his dusty overalls and threw them into a plastic garbage bag; Alice left a new garbage bag tied to the porch railing for him every morning. On his way in the house, he dropped the garbage bag off at the washing machine and went straight up the stairs to the shower as he was instructed. He would eat dinner with her after he was “presentable,” as Alice had often said. Question: Where does Paul most like work?
A:In a cemetery.
B:In an office building.
C:In a grocery store.
D:At a bar.
答案: In a cemetery.
4、 Question: Where would Alice likely have the least amount of fun?
A:Going to a demolition derby.
B:Sitting in church.
C:Reading in a library.
D:Walking around a museum.
答案: Going to a demolition derby.
5、 Question: What is the probable relationship between Paul and Alice?
A:Best friends.
B:Husband and wife.
C:Employer and housemaid.
D:Brother and sister.
答案: Husband and wife.
6、 Paragraph 3“Tommy!” Mom called out as she walked in the front door. “Tommy,” she continued shouting, “I sure could use some help with these groceries. There was still no reply. Mom walked into the kitchen to put the grocery bags down on the counter when she noticed shattered glass from the picture window all over the living room floor and a baseball not far from there. “I’m going to kill you, Tommy!” Mom yelled to herself as she realized that Tommy’s shoes were gone. Question: What most likely happened to the window?
A:A burglar broke in through the window.
B:Tommy broke the window with his shoes.
C:Tommy broke the window playing baseball.
D:Mom broke the window with the groceries.
答案: Tommy broke the window playing baseball.
7、 Question: Why was Tommy most likely gone?
A:He didn’t see the window and went to play.
B:He had to go to work in a coal mine.
C:He had been kidnapped.
D:He was scared of what his mom would do.
答案: He was scared of what his mom would do.
Lesson 3 Dealing with Unfamiliar Words
1、 Task: Read the article about a kind of fitness training called HIIT. Then choose the best explanations for some of the words and expressions. HIIT: Is the fitness scene’s biggest fad doing more harm than good?1. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been the darling of the fitness scene for a few years now. Fundamentally, it involves repetitions of short bursts of intense, ‘maximal effort’ exercise; usually for anywhere between 20 to 40 seconds.2. The theory behind HIIT is very appealing. By working out at your top level of exertion, you burn more calories in a short space of time than other workouts. What’s more, studies show that your metabolism stays in a heightened state for up to 24 hours after you’ve finished. And in practice, HIIT can have impressive results. It’s an effective tool for increasing cardiovascular fitness, sculpting your physique and increasing metabolic rate. Hence why HIIT classes are popping up all over the place. People have become accustomed to turning up to a class with loud music and dark lighting, just like a night club – and leaving in the same state: barely able to walk.3. However … I have a big bone to pick with HIIT, which is that there’s often no focus on form or technique in these classes, even though it’s now prescribed as the go-to form of exercise for everyone. Instead, the measure of a good HIIT sessions seems to be how ‘destroyed’ you feel after a class. It’s inevitable that problems arise from this ‘all pain for gain’ approach.4. One issue is simply that people are doing workouts that they’re not conditioned for. There is no emphasis on flexibility, mobility or activation in many HIIT classes; yet all are incredibly important in keeping the body fit and healthy as you age.5. What’s more, I regularly see people “smashing” multiple HIIT classes a day, 5-6 days per week. HIIT should not be done more than three times per week (at most), because it is so strenuous. It puts an incredible strain on your nervous system, joints and muscles; especially if you are overweight and unfit.6. The HIIT approach to exercise has gone OTT. It’s entering unsustainable territory.7. HIIT’s rise in popularity is symptomatic of what is wrong with the fitness industry as a whole: a brazen disregard of the fundamentals, and a detrimental “one size fits all” mentality. Having trained 100s of clients in my five years as a personal trainer, the biggest issues most people have are a lack of flexibility, mobility and core strength, on top of muscle activation issues. All of the above can lead to chronic injuries and are further exacerbated by HIIT.8. My belief is that everyone should try to train like athletes do. I don’t mean the same training frequency and intensity as athletes, I mean the mentality and the approach. Having trained as a competitive sprinter for four years, I learned to take every aspect of my life into account: sleep, rest days, nutrition and weaknesses. I learnt to listen to my body. Some days I would wake up feeling tired and fatigued, so on those days I wouldn’t train hard. I would do something less intense and focus on recovery.9. Remember: burning calories isn’t the be all and end all of fitness and good health. Yes, HIIT may burn more calories than any other form of exercise, but it’s no use if it leads to injury or illness. Overtraining is a real danger: it can ruin your immune system, cause insomnia, affect your appetite and release cortisol, which in turn can make you more likely to put on fat. ********What does the word “fad” in the title probably mean?
A:Craze.
B:Program.
C:Liar.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: Craze.
2、 What does the author mean by saying “I have a big bone to pick with HIIT” in Par.3?
A:He would like to give some suggestions for HIIT goers.
B:He recommends this popular and effective fitness training.
C:He is annoyed by it and wants to talk about it.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: He is annoyed by it and wants to talk about it.
3、 What does the word “smash” probably mean in Par. 5?
A:Break something into pieces.
B:Hit something violently.
C:Do something fast or in large amount.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: Do something fast or in large amount.
4、 What does the abbreviation “OTT” probably mean in Par. 6?
A:Beyond what is considered normal.
B:Toward the end.
C:Very popular.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: Beyond what is considered normal.
5、 What does the word “symptomatic” mean in Par. 7?
A:Being a simple version.
B:Being a sign.
C:Being systematic.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: Being a sign.
6、 What does the word “fatigue” mean in Par. 8?
A:Exhausted.
B:Upset.
C:Depressed.
D:(This is a filler. Do not choose this answer.)
答案: Exhausted.
Lesson 5 Making Inferences-2
1、 For the following questions, select the word with the appropriate positive connotation to complete each sentence.Most teachers think that Blanche is a very ___ young woman.
A:obstinate
B:determined
C:tenacious
D:stubborn
答案: determined
2、 As the boys played video games, their parents ___ them.
A:watched
B:glared at
C:scrutinized
D:studied
答案: watched
3、 My history teacher gives very ___ assignments.
A:taxing
B:demanding
C:challenging
D:perplexing
答案: challenging
4、 After graduating from college, my best friend has very ___ plans for his future.
A:grandiose
B:ruthless
C:ambitious
D:pretentious
答案: ambitious
5、 For the following questions, select the word with the appropriate neutral connotation to complete each sentence.The teacher’s job is not as objective as it may seem at first; in fact, it is quite ___.
A:biased
B:unfair
C:slanted
D:subjective
答案: subjective
6、 Given the recent ___ college standards, it seems as though anyone can get an advanced degree, nowadays.
A:decline in
B:plunge in
C:plummeting
D:demise of
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